Background: Sodium glucose-linked transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are relatively new drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their usage has increased significantly in Australia since being approved by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, largely due to their low risk of hypoglycemic events and cardiovascular mortality benefits. However, as with any new drug, it is crucial for medical practitioners to be aware of potential adverse effects to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
Purpose: This paper discusses the major urological implications of SGLT2 inhibitors, particularly in perioperative settings.
Key Points:
- Genital Mycotic Infections: There is a significant risk of developing genital mycotic infections, including serious conditions like Fournier’s gangrene, associated with SGLT2 inhibitors.
- Urinary Tract Infections: Evidence regarding the risk of urinary tract infections with SGLT2 inhibitors is mixed.
- Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: These drugs may cause lower urinary tract symptoms, such as pollakiuria (frequent urination) and nocturia (nighttime urination), which can impact quality of life.
- Perioperative Risks: The use of SGLT2 inhibitors perioperatively increases the risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. It is recommended to discontinue these drugs before surgery.
Conclusion: While SGLT2 inhibitors offer significant benefits for managing type 2 diabetes, they also pose certain risks, especially regarding urological health and perioperative complications. Medical practitioners should be vigilant about these potential adverse effects to optimize patient care.
